New technique improves efficiency of biofuel production

Researchers have developed a more efficient technique for producing biofuels from woody plants that significantly reduces the waste that results from conventional biofuel production techniques. The technique is a significant step toward creating a commercially viable new source of biofuels.[...]


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Electrons are late starters: Contrary to previous assumptions, electrons are catapulted out of an atom during photoemission with a delay

When physicists search for new semiconductors for chips or lasers, they have been able to rely on sophisticated computer programs - until now. However, it is possible that the models these programs have used to predict the electronic properties of a material oversimplify reality. An international team has now determined this from measurements with extremely short laser pulses. The physicists have concluded from this that electrons which a laser pulse knock out of an atom are catapulted from the particle with a delay of several tens of attoseconds. One attosecond corresponds to a billionth of a billionth of a second. The assumption so far has been that, during photo emission, electrons immediately shoot out when the light pulse impinges on the material. The models with which quantum physicists describe the electronic properties of matter are also based on the electrons behaving in such a way. These models could therefore be too imprecise, at least as far as very accurate predictions are concerned.[...]

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Second 'quantum logic clock' based on aluminum ion is now world's most precise clock

Physicists have built an enhanced version of an experimental atomic clock based on a single aluminum atom that is now the world's most precise clock, more than twice as precise as the previous pacesetter based on a mercury atom. The new aluminum clock would neither gain nor lose one second in about 3.7 billion years.[....]

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Sunny Record: Breakthrough for Hybrid Solar Cells

Scientists in Germany have succeeded in developing a method for treating the surface of nanoparticles which greatly improves the efficiency of organic solar cells. The researchers were able to attain an efficiency of 2 percent by using so-called quantum dots composed of cadmium selenide. These measurements, well above the previous efficiency ratings of 1 to 1.8 percent, were confirmed.[....]

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Brightness variations of sun-like stars: The mystery deepens :An extensive study made with ESO’s Very Large Telescope deepens a long-standing mystery in the study of stars similar to the Sun. Unusual year-long variations in the brightness ............

Global Surface Temperature Was Second Warmest For September :The combined global land and ocean surface temperature was the second warmest September on record, according to NOAA...........

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Quantum mechanics at work in photosynthesis: Algae familiar with these processes for nearly two billion years

Chemists have made a major contribution to the emerging field of quantum biology, observing quantum mechanics at work in photosynthesis in marine algae .....full article

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  An international team of researchers has identified a new theoretical approach that may one day make the synthesis.......
• Fog discovered on Saturn's largest moon, Titan
  Saturn's largest moon, Titan, looks to be the only place in the solar system -- aside from our home planet, Earth.......

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Nano imagining takes turn for the better: Photothermal technique provides new way to track nanoparticles

Scientists researching how nanomaterials align have found a way to use gold nanorods as orientation sensors by combining their plasmonic properties with polarization imaging techniques.[...]

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Scientists demonstrate world's fastest graphene transistor; holds promise for improving performance of transistors

IBM researchers have demonstrated a radio-frequency graphene transistor with the highest cut-off frequency achieved so far for any graphene device -- 100 billion cycles/second (100 GigaHertz). The high frequency record was achieved using wafer-scale, epitaxially grown graphene using processing technology compatible to that used in advanced silicon device fabrication.[....]

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